PR theory Essay

The article Power Over, Power With, and Power to Relations: Critical Reflections on Public Relations, the Dominant Coalition, and Activism by Bruce K. Berger (2005) talks about the â€Å"Dominant Coalition† in the Public Relations (PR) world. It focuses on a theory that the dominant coalition is a major influence in making organisational decisions, but not much is known about the things that go on inside the dominant coalition’s tight and limited â€Å"inner circle† (Berger 2005: 6). With a total of 21 interviews from PR men and women, Berger (2005) got an insider’s point of view of the dominant coalition in the PR world, showing the intertwined relationships and problems encountered in it. Some of the problems prevent PR practitioners from doing the â€Å"right† thing despite knowing the right thing to do (Berger 2005: 6). The author argues that in order for PR to have a significant use for the population at large, those involved in the business have to accept that activism could be the best means to achieve this (Berger 2005). The main point of this article is the dominant coalition and its role in public relations. A public relations practitioner’s decision making is thought to be geared towards the right thing once he or she has become a member of the dominant. However, the author argues that the complex happenings inside the dominant coalition make it difficult for practitioners to really do the right thing even if they want to (Berger 2005: 6). Berger (2005) provides six propositions based on interviews with 21 public relations executives. To recapitulate his first section, the author provides a summary at the end. This is an important feature of every article. In the summary, Berger reiterates the role of the dominant coalition in PR theory and the reason why PR managers should be part of the dominant coalition. As managers, they should have an influence over what goes on in their organisation, and when or if they do get inside, it has always been thought that they always do the right thing for everyone concerned with the organisation. The rest of the paper is therefore an attempt to confirm whether this assumption is true or not, and more importantly, the article aims to draw a picture of the complex world of the dominant coalition (Berger 2005). In trying to open up the dominant coalition, Berger (2005) has come up with 6 Propositions based on interviews . Proposition 1 breaks the myth about the existence of one coalition per organisation. Berger’s (2005) interviews reveal that there is almost certainly more than one dominant coalition per company. Proposition 2 reveals that venues constantly change from formal to informal. Proposition 3 shows that the absence of the leader poses a lot of trouble. Proposition 4 answers whether decisions by the dominant coalition are always final—they are not. Proposition 5 suggests that the coalition may value the opinion of public relations but almost always demand some kind of press release. Lastly, Berger’s (2005) sixth proposition states that PR professionals are also subject to the pressures of organisational compliance. All of these propositions are of course relative to Berger’s interpretation of the interviews he has gathered. The author has merely expressed his answers and opinions regarding the dominant coalition in Public Relations. However, being an expert in the field of PR, he has every right to publish his work because the people he has interviewed are or were from the world of Public Relations. The article serves its intended purpose—to open the dominant coalition in PR theory to the readers. The author has provided six propositions that give a glimpse of what really goes on inside the closed doors of the dominant coalition. Sources are numerous and credible, which may be interpreted as overkill by some critics but nevertheless effective. List of Reference Berger, B. K. (2005) ‘Power Over, Power With, and Power to Relations: Critical Reflections on Public Relations, the Dominant Coalition, and Activism. ’ Journal of Public Relations Research [online] 17, (1) 5–28. Informaworld. [4 May 2009]

Is the generation gap myth or reality Essay

It’s well known that new time demands new way of thinking. New way of thinking demands new way of acting. New way of acting arouses misunderstanding on the part of older generation. People usually get used to certain things and some dead small changes can frighten them. Thus, trying to avoid the negative feeling of fear older people try to avoid new trends and spirits of the time. On the other hand, youngsters are eager to introduce some desperately new and young-eyed decisions in order to gain a foothold. In other words, young people want to be creative, bright and want to place themselves on record. As a result, old traditions contradict with new trends and a problem of generation gap shapes up. For example, parents very often try to protect their children from modern entertainments some forbid playing computer games, thinking that computers can’t teach anything to their children, some prohibit wearing extravagant clothes and some prevent their infants from attending concerts of rock stars, fearing that he can fall among evil companions. However, forbidden fruit is sweet. And the offsprings start doing everything on the sly. But when finally parents find it out they can’t stop wondering why do their children conceal their affairs from them? The answer is as easy as ABC: youngsters want to express themselves, they want to get the smell of powder, they want to enjoy independence. On the contrary, the parents want to be sure that their precious offsprings are safe and sound. As a consequence, this leads to misunderstanding, quarrels and insults. Nowadays children start using computers very early. Tweens and teens are so fascinated by them that they spend hours and hours at their personal computers or at computer clubs. The electronic universe replaces their contacts with friends and dominates their life completely. Obsession with computers brings about a mechanical, disillusioned mentality and inhibits their emotional development. The heads of youngsters are also being filled with violent pictures they have seen on TV. Children are very naive and impressionable. And no wonder that they are so aggressive and arrogant in  real life. They are thrown into such a harsh world, especially if they live in a city. These days a lot of parents think that they should be lenient with their children, they should let them find out about life for themselves, they should leave children to develop their own idea of right and wrong. But it’s a grave mistake. Parents should try to protect their children from possible bad influences and give them clear guidance about right and wrong. There is no way to predict how today’s children will turn out. Keeping faith in kids is necessary. They are not bad. They are optimistic. They expect to have a better life than their parents’. And grown-ups – if they are prepared to admit it – could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not  «sinful ». Enjoyment, is a principle you could apply to all aspects of life. It is not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure, to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. Generation gap is the major reason today why parents and children are moving away from each other. As we all know, the environment has changed, so has the life style and with that changes the mind of children. Today’s generation doesn’t like others interfering in any of their personal matters, they don’t like parents ordering them, and if they try and tell them what’s wrong for them, they misbehave with their parents. The question arises that, what is the reason behind all this. It is the parents’ mistake or is it cause of the generation gap. Generation gap is basically created by the people themselves. They don’t talk to their children and share their own points of views with the children. The point is that the parents are just so busy with their work and jobs that they don’t have time for their family and their children. And they realize it when there has a huge distance between the kids and the parents. The point is if parents give their children some time from their busy schedule then there would be no such problem. Nevertheless the problem of  generation gap can be easily solved. Patience should be the key to the common ground between adults and youngsters. People of all ages must become more tolerant and less selfish and must discuss their troubles in order to conquer misunderstanding. It’s essential that parents give more freedom to their children so that they can express themselves. Whereas children should remember that freedom is not something to be over-indulged in. It’s not difficult to achieve understanding if you are making effort to see a problem from a variety of angles. On the contrary, if you think that your standpoint is the only one true and you don’t want to discuss and listen to other opinions, then the problem of generation gap will become a nightmare of your family.

Campbell & Baileys Boston Office Essay Example for Free

Campbell & Bailey’s Boston Office Essay When Campbell and Bailyn’s Boston Office made the decision to restructure their organization and place a new emphasis on specialization, the business and employees faced multiple challenges during the process. Although communication problems were evidenced in the scenario, I was also concerned with the lack of buy-in by the employees within the organization. According to a recent writing in Bloomberg’s Business Week, employees are an important factor in determining how customers perceive the company’s brand. For this reason, companies should do more to nurture the company’s culture through internal branding efforts. In addition, when employers consider a company’s brand, they think in terms of marketing departments, advertising, and publications. In reality, a brand is made up of every experience that a customer has with an organization. (McKee, 2014). Management consultant Peter Drucker states â€Å"culture eats strategy for dinner† (McKee, 2014). When employees become stressed out at work, it impacts their performance and in turn the company’s productivity. In the Boston office, it was clear that Paul Callahan, the top grossing sales person, was stressed out. In a recent article, it is stated that depression and burnout afflict one-third of employees (Cooper, 2014). These afflictions can also negatively impact employee performance and morale. In the case of the Boston office, it would benefit the organization to speak with the employees and work towards obtaining their buy-in. Once the employees buy into the change, they can then pass that enthusiasm on to their customers to gain their buy-in as well. Cooper, C. (2014, May 15). Depression and burnout at work afflict one-third of employees. The Independent.

Managing across cultures- Cross cultural observation Essay

Managing across cultures- Cross cultural observation - Essay Example ng different cultural backgrounds interact with each other, their behaviors are â€Å"interpreted† as members of a bigger culture such as class, ethnicity, gender, or even religion. When people from among a similar â€Å"larger† culture interact with each other, their behaviors are â€Å"interpreted† as part of a smaller culture such as family and community. In this paper, a group of individuals from a different culture will be observed to gain insights on how they interact with individuals from among their â€Å"own,† and how they interact with people from a different culture. For the assignment, a group of employees from a diner called â€Å"The Capital† were observed. The team consists of 5 Italian males from different age brackets. Two are judged to be from the mid-30s, two from between 40-45 years, and one who is around 60 years old. The 60 year old male is deemed to be the one who owns the diner, if judged from the way he issues orders to the other employees. Two of the employees take charge of getting the customers’ orders, while the remaining three cook or make the food. Taken generally, they all appear to be easygoing individuals who run the diner. They scream a lot among themselves --- sometimes when informing the others of the orders given by the customers, and sometimes when throwing jokes to each other. They also seem to not have much rules going around the diner, as they can easily shift from screaming orders, to being tough, to throwing jokes to customers and to each other. It is not a rowdy place, however, despite all the nois e from the loud voices talking at the same time most of the times. Stemming from a background where screaming is not a norm, the interaction among the Italians can easily appear aggressive. In the experiences during the course of the observation, there had been several instances when the loud voices took other people by surprise. From a personal viewpoint, these reactions were from people who do not know yet the atmosphere in

How Will Retail Look like in 2020 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

How Will Retail Look like in 2020 - Essay Example Consumer changes, preferences, and tastes are constantly changing giving the retail sector a new look. By 2020, the retail sector will have more connected consumers, increased trust and transparency, buying will be frictionless, a change in-store experience, and will be more challenging to retailers.Considering the ostensible fact that the 2020 consumers will be more tech-savvy than the present, they will be more connected through wearable technology. While laptops, tablets, and smartphones will undoubtedly have their place, digitally connected contact lenses, earpieces, and watches will imply that the consumers will be permanently connected. Consequently, customers will straightforwardly blunderbuss online marketing thus living in a world where their buying decisions will be influenced by personalized recommendations. The unwarranted staff costs attributable to property leasing and gratuitously lengthy trading hours will be eliminated as wholesalers and manufacturers will have recog nized how lucrative and simple it is to make undeviating online sales. Apparently, this will bring consumers close to the manufacturers thus jettisoning the middlemen who often hike the prices of retail goods.Additionally, buyers will buy by a single command without having to click severally. Chatting with retailers, choosing products, trying samples, and getting endorsements will be fast and proficient. This will also be bolstered by the mixture of frictionless imbursement systems and virtual currencies such as the Bitcoin Mark 5 that will be in circulation. More contactless technologies will be in existence particularly considering the speed at which the US and UK consumers are embracing the technologies. A good example is the NFC (Near Field Communications) technology which is presently making it a realistic to pay for a myriad of products ranging from bus tickets to chocolate with merely a tap of the credit card. The PayPal and Visa.me services will be extremely advanced. The 20 20 customers will simply use their mobile phones to make and implement pay arrangements (Kare-Silver 72). Similarly, retailers will concentrate more on the use of social forums such as Twitter and Facebook plummeting street shopping. The number of retailers running ‘real’ shops will, thus, be enormously abridged. However, as the intrinsic need to touch and feel will still be high, consumers will still visit stores maintaining the resilient social component connected with shopping as asserted by Meng (N.p).

USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere (War of 1812) Research Paper

USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere (War of 1812) - Research Paper Example Secondly, an overview of both ships shall then be presented. Lastly, this paper will establish a critical analysis of the battle in the larger context of the war. Concluding remarks shall end this discussion. This paper is being carried out in order to establish a more thorough and critical understanding of the clash between the two aforementioned ships, including their place in the momentous War of 1812. Body War of 1812 The War of 1812 is considered a war between the US and Britain. The US declared war against Britain for many reasons, mostly related to the trade restrictions which Britain imposed on the US as an offshoot of its war with France1. The US was also declaring its protest against Britain for the latter’s practice in the impressment (seizing sailors into public service) of American sailors into its own navy. Britain was also supporting American Indians on their actions against American expansion2. The US was also outraged over the insults on its national identity following its humiliation on the high seas, and lastly, the war was also said to be brought on by the American desire to conquer Canada3. Initially, Britain employed defensive tactics on Upper and Lower Canada in an attempt to push back invading American troops. However, American troops soon successfully annexed Lake Erie in 1813, going on to control parts of Western Ontario, thereby ending any hope of an Indian confederacy and an Independent Indian country under British protection4. General Andrew Jackson was also able to overwhelm military troops of the Creek nation in 1814. When Napoleon was defeated in 1814, however, Britain employed more aggressive tactics, and deployed more invasion troops5. Soon after, British victories were seen, resulting in the capture and destruction of Washington, D.C. American troops were nevertheless able to push back British troops out of New York, Baltimore, and New Orleans. The war was fought at sea through British and American warships and through privateers who then proceeded to attack the merchant ships for either side6. Britain also implemented a blockade of the Atlantic coast of the US, thereby launching raids during the late stages of the war. American victories at sea were mostly single ship battles and battles against Britain provincial ships on the Great Lakes7. The land and the sea battles were seen on the frontier, covering the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River. In the South and Gulf coasts, major skirmishes between the battling parties were seen, and the US troops successfully pushed out the British forces at New Orleans8. Invasions of each other’s territories were rampant throughout the war however, most of these invasions were temporary as neither side was able to establish more permanent annexations. By the end of the war, both sides were able to conquer each other’s territories9. In the end, the Treaty of Ghent restored the territories of either party. USS Constitution The USS Constitution was a battle ship of the US Navy. It was wooden-hulled and was a three-masted heavy frigate dubbed by President George Washington after the US Constitution10. It was also the world’s oldest commissioned naval ship. In 1797, the USS Constitution began its journey, joining six original frigates constructed under mandate from the Naval Act of 179411. It was built in Boston and her initial functions as a

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example t (2010), such behavior could have an indirect expense on the organization in terms of "Damaged team morale, lost opportunities to manage future-oriented projects, and increased incidence of disruptive behavior by organizational insiders and emotional costs" (p. 149). If feedback is not given to the primary care supervisor to help prevent such behavior, then other group members could be discouraged to be involved in other projects where the primary care supervisor is present. Hope, the example you gave is a classic representation of many workplaces. Bullying is prevalent in many organizations and if not addressed effectively, it could lead to decreased productivity. Effective relationships in the workplace are imperative as they contribute to improved job satisfaction, nurse retention, and also improved results in nursing practice (Barrett et-al, 2009). In reference to your example, favoring some employees could make other employees feel devalued and hence leave the organization. Failure to take action against bullying affects employees engagement and involvement in care practices. In other words, bullied employees are less likely to engage in teamwork for fear of being harassed. In my organization, policies have been implemented to ensure such cases are reported expeditiously and punitive actions taken against perpetrators. This helps prevent bullying and as a result, improved productivity has been

Societys Fascination with Reality TV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Societys Fascination with Reality TV - Essay Example Watching a standard TV program is like escaping into a world of fiction and fantasy, where the shocks and jolts that are associated with real life may sometimes be absent. But reality TV offers the lure of so-called truth. It portrays life as it happens, with all its disappointments, hope, anxieties and unexpected events, as well as its mundane, daily grind. The fascination of reality TV for the viewer is in gaining insight into the fears, dreams and expectations of real people. Reality TV programs focus on ordinary, working and middle-class citizens, so it becomes easier for viewers to identify with the characters. To some extent, the fascination for reality TV may also lie in the fact that participants reveal some of the most intimate aspects of their lives. For example the Celebrity Big Brother TV show in the UK where celebrities are asked to live together without contact with the outside world and satisfy certain conditions (www.tv.com). Such programs offer viewers the opportunit y for a voyeuristic look into other peoples’ lives, while for the ones participating in the programs, the focus is a narcissistic one. With the onset of more and sensational kinds of programs on TV, reality TV which attempts to compete with it, offers an equal amount of shock value but drawn from â€Å"reality†, which packs a bigger thrill for viewers as compared to standard TV programs, where viewers are aware that the events are fictional or doctored up in some way. For example, TV shows like â€Å"The Bold and the Beautiful† and â€Å"Dynasty† are enjoyed by viewers, but they are aware of the fictional content of these programs. Reality TV, however, does not represent â€Å"fluff† in any sense of the word. In some instances, it may offer valuable insight into the fears, perceptions and feelings of actual people and viewers are irresistibly drawn by the lure of participating, even temporarily, in other peoples’ lives.

International entrepreneurship 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International entrepreneurship 3 - Essay Example Consequently, the use of the term entrepreneurial opportunities begs the question on how these opportunities for investment come about and how different entrepreneurs utilize them, which serves as the basis for this paper. This is due to the ever-growing world of entrepreneurship globally and the need to understand how investments are made starting from the identification of an opportunity to its exploitation. Market Dynamics Entrepreneurial Opportunities in international entrepreneurship can be analyzed on different levels with the first being that of availability of markets to which one can expand to in order to make more business. Then main aspect in this level involves analysis of market dynamics, a crucial factor in determining how far one’s entrepreneurial skills and ventures can go. Concerning international entrepreneurship, this aspect is significant following the presence of many opportunities in the international market, and especially following then availability of many countries that invite entrepreneurs into their countries for different purposes. With market dynamics and their analysis, they determine the success rate of a venture and the availability of the said opportunities (Kor et al 2007, p.1189). For example, having a country play host for one’s entrepreneurial venture brings with it plenty of uncertainties, such that the country must in the first place have a demand for one’s services or goods prior to facilitation or provision of the opportunity. Consequently, for entrepreneurial opportunities to be deemed viable or unviable there must analysis of market dynamics as this is new venture altogether in an attempt to identify the different loopholes and strengths that are readily available. In addition, it allows to conduct feasibility studies for future investments following the presence of uncertain factors in new countries far from the home country and into the host country. Internationalization In addition, there is th e common factor of internationalization of business venture, which act as a focal point for most entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial ventures (Oyson n.d, p.3). This is following then possibility of founding an institution and the having demand for its gods and services go everywhere into foreign nations. This could also be as a result for the need to expand one’s business in an attempt to have more sales and drive one’s venture into increased profitability. In the former case, entrepreneurial opportunities are brought about by increased demand and this call for bringing one’s venture closer to the people and to the market that is mainly marginalized. This, therefore, presents an opportunity for the entrepreneur to drive the venture into expansion in foreign lands with little or no information raising the question of market dynamics again as these must be looked into prior to taking the entrepreneurial opportunity lest it turns disastrous in losses and uncalc ulated moves. Feasibility Other factors considered in the development of entrepreneurship opportunities in international entrepreneurship include the ability to control different resources in different countries, coupled with strategic management in the said different countri

Should overseas aid be used for climate change adaptation Essay

Should overseas aid be used for climate change adaptation - Essay Example Hence successful adaptation is often executed with the help of overseas aid. This paper aims to critically analyze this subject while identifying that either overseas aid should be used for climate change adaptation of not. Description In order to study the relationship between overseas aid and climate change adaptation it is important to first analyze various factors associated with general foreign aid. The concept of overseas aid revolves around the basis principle of helping poor nations and the under developed countries. For instance, Australia is one of the major contributors of overseas aid. It mostly sends monetary help to Indonesia and some parts of South Asia and Middle East (Overseas Aid, 2013). United Kingdom is also working to increase the climate adaptability through undertaking significant measures in the developing countries (Impact of UK Overseas Aid on Environmental Protection and Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation, 2011). In addition to this one of the United States’ overseas aid programs is particularly associated with climate change adaptation. This program critically assesses the climate change taking place all over the world including the increasing risks, susceptibility and various opportunities for improvements (Agency Climate Change Adaptation Plan, 2013). Research indicates that the climate changes occur as per the regional conditions. Therefore with time the rise in sea level will impact the populated coastal areas while turning them in to uninhabitable place. Today very few people are affected by the floods, heat waves, storms, etc. but in future millions of people are expected to get influenced by these natural disasters. Moreover, the agricultural productivity will decrease while on the other hand sea food would also be destroyed due to increased acidification by 2050 (Climate Change and Development, 2012). Following figure further explains this situation: These climate changes will also influence the developed countri es including USA, Australia, etc. but the most severe impacts are expected to be seen in the developing countries. This will subsequently affect the global political, social and economic conditions. Moreover, food would not be available for poor while rich will have to avail it against huge cost (Climate Change and Development, 2012). If no action is taken to control climate change then the greenhouse gases are expected to continuously weaken the natural environment (Mendelsohn, 2000, p.583). This signifies that an extensive climate change adaptation plan is required so as to meet the future challenges. However, the adaptation plan cannot be made successful with national or even regional resources and therefore overseas aid has become a necessary element in this regard (Climate Change and Development, 2012). Overseas aid should be used for climate change adaptation due to the following reasons (Climate Change and Development, 2012): Foreign investments will reduce the negative impac ts of climate change will increasing the resources necessary for life. Countries which are still going through the process of developing transportation and energy infrastructures can actually use overseas aid to accelerate their development procedure. Speedy development will subsequently increase employment opportunities while giving way to tackle the drastic climate changes. Climate risk reduction programming could be initiated in poor countries. Significant anticipations can be made regarding draught

Why study Chemical and Biological Engineering Essay Example for Free

Why study Chemical and Biological Engineering Essay Engineering combines quantitative analysis and synthesis to elucidate system design principles. Through the genomics revolution engineers can now begin to tackle biological problems using the same measure, model, and manipulate approach they have applied to physics and chemistry. Indeed, applying this system approach is widely recognised as essential not only for the development of innovative biotechnologies but also to yield fundamental scientific understanding of biological systems. As our ability to modify and control biological systems increases, biological processes will replace chemical and mechanical processes due to their inherent advantages of renewable resources, mild operation conditions and minimal waste problems. Early signs of the change are seen not only in the high-value pharmaceutical industry, but also in the production of bulk chemicals like lysine by fermentation and in bioleaching of copper and gold from mineral ore. Advances in our understanding of and ability to mimic biological systems are also inspiring completely new approaches such as nanotechnology and tissue engineering, which will form the foundation of new industries of the 21st century. Chemical biology is a scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology. It involves the application of chemical techniques and tools, often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems. Chemical biologists attempt to use chemical principles to modulate systems to either investigate the underlying biology or create new function. Research done by chemical biologists is often closer related to that of cell biology than biochemistry. Biochemists study of the chemistry of biomolecules and regulation of biochemical pathways within cells and tissues, e. g. cAMP or cGMP, while chemical biologists deal with novel chemical compounds applied to biology. Pharmacology researches the effect of highly selective chemical compounds on cells, tissues, organs and organisms. Toxicology researches the adverse effect of highly selective chemical compounds on cells, tissues, organs and organisms. In the field of drug discovery, hit identification is the screening of chemical libraries of small molecules in biological systems such ascell lines or whole animals to identify compounds that cause a desirable change in phenotype. [1] This strategy which employsphenotypic screening to identify starting points for drug discovery is also known as classical pharmacology,[2] forward pharmacology,[3]or phenotypic drug discovery (PDD). [4] In ecology, you study the relationships among organisms. You look at past, present, and future environments. You examine factors such as population size, pollutants, rainfall, temperature, and altitude. You study various environments oceans, deserts, forests, and grasslands and the dynamics of each habitat. You learn about plants, animals, birds, fish, and humans. You also learn about natural predators and how species compete for food, water, and shelter. This program requires a broad background in the life and natural sciences. The study of ecology enables you to contribute to our understanding and preservation of the natural world. Some community colleges offer a two-year program in this field. With this preparation, you can work as a field crewmember, technical assistant, or lab technician. Pharmacology is the branch of medicine andbiology concerned with the study of drug action,[1] where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemi cals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinalproperties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. Astronomy The natural world beyond the earth Astrophysics All physics required to understand astronomical phenomena (includes elements of nearly all fields of physics) Cosmology The universe: its origin, structure, and evolution on the largest possible scale Cosmogony The origin of the universe (and sometimes the solar system), is a subfield of cosmology Astrochemistry All chemistry required to understand astronomical phenomena (primarily the chemistry of the interstellar medium and protostellar accretion disks) Space Science The physics of the interplanetary medium Planetary Science The physics of planets, their formation, structure and evolution Astrology The purported relationships between the planetary positions at the time of a persons birth, that persons personality, and events in that persons life. A pseudoscience, has no scientific basis.

The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory Assessment Essay Example for Free

The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory Assessment Essay The overall experience completing the LASSI student report was interesting one due to the difficulty associated with being completely honest with yourself. This is definitely something that I have found to be a re-occurrence throughout this course, however due to the nature of the questions in this particular section, it proved to be the daunting questionnaire this course has required yet. After finishing the student report, I was able to conclude that the nature of the questions and the honesty involved paid off because I found this resource to be the most reflective and also the most helpful in targeting the weaknesses in my academic skills. My lowest two scores were in anxiety and time management, and I feel very confident that these two are closely related. I do not have issues in learning the actual content of courses, rather my problems occur in not effectively allotting time to learn it which in turn causes the stress and the two together result in poor exam performance. In order to avoid these issues which result in extreme stress come exam time I need to set aside time to effectively plan and schedule time and techniques for completing assignments and studying, then follow through with the derived plan. In my opinion, the LASSI assessment is not too different from the barriers assessment we completed during the first week of this course. Both assessments take a slightly different approach from each other, however the objectives of both are very much identical. The two assessments are designed to help an individual identify issues that are potentially detrimental to their success in class. My results for LASSI had not surprised me at all as it nearly mirrored the results of my barriers assessment. Since both results agreed with each other I could also conclude that I made little to no errors in the assessments. According to LASSI, my largest problems are that I lack motivation, concentration and I have a poor ability to select main ideas from concepts. Im only fairly concerned with my focus and concentration during study. My computer is very likely the most contributing factor to this problem. Im a Computer Science major so its very essential that I work with a computer. My notes and assignments are often stored and finished in it as well. I have attempted some viable solutions like using a task scheduler application for my computer. I can give it instructions forcefully close-off anything that may become a distraction for me on the computer based on a schedule you assign it. You can even ask it to temporarily disable off your internet. This solution doesnt work very well for me because I lack self-control as well. I often opt-out of this because I can never bring myself to disable any of my entertainment. I just shrug it off and lie to myself that I can deal with the distractions while studying well. This itself I believe is my biggest concern.

Ilo Decent Work Agenda And Informal Economy Benefits Economics Essay

Ilo Decent Work Agenda And Informal Economy Benefits Economics Essay The informal economy defined to include all economic units that are not regulated by the state and all economically active persons who do not receive social protection through their work (ILO 2002), is as perennial and ubiquitous as human society. Discourse on it however, came to light in the early seventies with various studies in third world countries. Notwithstanding its inescapable nature, conceptualization and definition has been a problem for policy makers as well as those within academia. Myriad debates have come up on the issue with diverse views and remedies: some view informal workers as a nuisance to be eliminated or regulated; others see them as a vulnerable group to be assisted through social policies; still others view them as entrepreneurs to be freed from government regulations (Chen 2006:26). But neither the theoretic thoughts nor tangible ideas have provided a comprehensive framework on how to approach global informality and the new challenges it pose to policy makers. This essay critically examines the position of ILO influenced by the legalist perspective on formalizing the informal economy. Are there vested interests in promoting the decent work agenda? Is the decent work agenda merely a guise behind which informality continues to operate? Does the decent work approach take into account structures and institutions? The essay will delve into the argument of who benefits in formalizing the informal economy recognizing the fact that the informal head porter pay daily levies to the local government systems in Ghana but do not receive any benefit. A synopsis on informal economy and decent work agenda will first be outlined and how this applies to the head porter in Ghana. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn with some policy recommendations. Perspectives on Informality The informal economy was first discovered in Africa in the early 1970s due to the dominance of large scale self employed who do not fall within the formal economy. Economic anthropologist Keith Hart coined the term in his series of studies in Africa on the urban labour markets where he distinguished between wage earning and self employment. He emphasized on entrepreneurial dynamism and diversity of people in the informal sector (Hart 1990). This led to the development of three schools of thought dualist, legalist and structuralist perspectives which all try to conceptualize, explain and address the challenges of this complex phenomenon. The dualist posit the view that informal economy is peripheral or marginal and result out of the inadequate jobs in the formal economy and will recede with the development of the modern sector (Hart 1973; ILO 1972; Sethuraman 1976; Tokman 1978). The perspective therefore call for policy focus on support for the informal economy enterprises and workers in the form of credits and business development services with the assumption that the informal economy will fade away with more formal jobs. The structuralists, however, abruptly refute the dualist approach and contend that formal and informal economies are inextricably connected and interdependent the informal economy continues to exist because it is subordinated to the formal economy and enables the formal economy to reduce costs and increase profits (Moser 1978; Castells and Portes 1989, Bromley 1994). Hence policy focus should be on altering the unequal relationship that exists. The legalist approach spearheaded by De Soto (1989) subscribes to the notion that informality is as a result of the excessive over regulation by the state (rigid mercantilist) and hence the solution to the problem of informality is a liberalizing framework deregulate, de-bureaucratize and privatize. The approach therefore advocates for formalizing and the decent work agenda follows directly from this perspective despite influence from other frameworks. Notwithstanding the diversity of these concepts, informality continues to grow in new guises and different forms even in the industrialized nations. It is worth mentioning that none of the perspectives adequately explains or prescribes solutions to the problems of informality given its heterogeneous and multi segmented nature. Consequently, policy makers are faced with the dilemmas of whether to eradicate or formalize the informal economy. This has led to the suggestion of different ways of providing support for those in the informal economy which include licensing, provision of micro credit, training as well as enabling environment for collective action (Chen 2006) with more emphasis on formalizing. In spite of these suggestions, understanding of the formalization process varies and different actors tend to define formalization to suit them. Intrinsically, policy makers view formalizing as a way of licensing informal work and putting in place taxation structures. Conversely, the different informal workers and enterprises see formalizing as a means to attain support and receive the incentives and benefits of formality. Hence in formalizing, there are striking differences in terms of interests and needs which should reflect in the policies of countries. The institutional capacities, mechanisms and resources especially in developing countries are however, inadequate to cater for the wide variations. The above problems question the feasibility of formalizing the informal economy and De Sotos legalist approach to informal economy. Are the states in many countries well equipped to enable workers and enterprises in the informal economy move upward into formality? Formalization may not be that simple as envisaged it can be problematic and a nightmare to policy makers. Despite the complication, the informal economy can be reframed to fruitfully interact with the context and actors as well as reduce the associated vulnerability and risks. Consequently, new frameworks have emerged to take care of the policy challenge of decreasing the cost of working informally (Chen 2006:90-1) or reducing the decent work deficits of working informally (ILO 2002). The ILO decent work agenda champions the emerging consensus concerning the need to develop a framework that is appropriate and able to respond effectively to the problems faced by those in the informal economy. However is this agenda feasible in the mist of all these dilemmas? What can the ILO Decent Work do for Informality? The ILO (2002) defines decent work as productive work which generates an adequate income, in which workers rights are protected and where there is adequate social protection providing opportunities for men and women to obtain productive work in conditions of freedom, equality, security and human dignity. Decent work has been categorized into two different approaches. Some analysts have classified it into eleven measurement categories based on employment opportunities, acceptable work, adequate earnings and productive work, decent hours, stability and security of work, balancing work and family life, fair treatment in employment, safe work environment, social protection, social dialogue and workplace relations, and the economic and social context of decent work (Ghai 2006:27). The other approach views decent work from the perspective of security in which there are seven security indicators labour security, employment security, job security, work security, skill reproduction security , income security and representation security (ILO 2002). Therefore lack of access to these indicators at the macro (national), meso (enterprise) and micro (Individual) (Ghai 2006:27) levels leads to decent work deficits. These securities and indicators are inaccessible to workers in the informal economy albeit pockets of workers in the formal economy also have deficits for example the working poor. Hence in looking at the situation of those in the informal economy, decent work deficits are the main characteristics and apparent are poor quality unprotected and remunerated jobs, the absence of rights to work, inadequate social protection and lack of representation especially among women and young workers (ILO 2002:8). The decent work approach therefore recognizes that all those who work have rights at work, irrespective of where they work (ILO 2002: 8) and should have decent work. Notwithstanding this, a one-size-fit all policy cannot be developed for all segments. Decent work programmes need to take into consideration the diversity in labour markets, multi-segmented nature of informality, the role of government, institutions as well as cultural and historical backgrounds of nations. Decent work should therefore be seen as a goal to be achieved progressively from immediate to long term (ILO 2002). The immediate term focus is to recognize and give protection to those working in the informal economy, the short/medium and long term strategies are to enhance upward movement into formal decent jobs and the creation of formal decent employment opportunities for all respectively. Work should therefore meet decent work conditions which are seen as a source of dignity, satisfaction and fulfillment to workers (Ghai 2006:11). Limitations of Decent Work Paradigm The decent work agenda is a benign attempt to informality but ILO unlike the World Bank and IMF do not have the capacity to enforce and ensure that governments adhere to the decent work programme. Also, while the ILO outlined the securities that will make informal work decent, it does not provide insights into how these securities can be met and whose responsibility (individual, state, market, and other actors) it is to address and find solutions to the deficits. Moreover, ILO does not point out how to prioritize the securities in situations where it is impossible to have all seven fulfilled. The question is shall we prioritize or shall we try to achieve at the same time all the seven securities? Furthermore, whiles Chen (2006:27) assert that capacity of institutions, funding for incentives and social protection, inadequate formal jobs and employers not willing to convert as the problems that impede formalizing, she seems to forget about the vested interest and structural determinants that could hinder decent work. For example institutional obstacles such as the local government units in Ghana may stifle the decent work agenda as incorporating decent work framework will hinder the benefits they enjoy from the informality. Who benefits from formalizing: local government or head porter (Kayayei)? Before looking at the head porter and the local government systems in Ghana, it is important to have background information on the head porter business. The head porters popularly referred to as kayayei in Ghana are female young girls who migrate from northern parts of Ghana to the south predominantly Accra and Kumasi. Like other informal businesses, the kayayei are self employed and engage in carrying goods on their head from one place to the other, unpacking stores especially in market places as well as assist buyers in carrying purchased goods to various locations for a negotiated fee (Argawal et al 1997, Opare 2003, Awumbila 2007). Agarwal et al (1997) further indicates that these girls are part of the informal transport structure of Ghana that transport load from one place to the other and this commercial head load carrying is to be understood within the structure of economic activities of women in the informal economy, and the importance of petty trading as the predominant occu pation of women. Similarly, ILO (2004) and Awumbila (2007) notes that jobs engaged by these Kayayei pay low wages, have low productivity which leads to unstable incomes. The purpose of their involvement however, is to attain sufficient savings to convert to a more lucrative and less arduous occupation (Awumbila 2007:3). These head porters lack official registration, work in highly competitive market places, have deficits in all seven securities, and are exposed to diverse risks and shocks. Their daily vulnerability goes from running after busses for business to harassment from metropolitan agents for payment of daily levies. These head porters however, have various survival strategies which include collective credit and insurance (susu and adashi) schemes and organization of semi-permanent conjugal unions to reduce their vulnerability within the labour market (Awumbila Ardayfio-Schandorf 2008, Argawal et al 1997, Opare 2003). Much of the literature on the kayayei phenomenon talks about migration and livelihoods but hardly talked about is the levy they pay to the local government systems in Ghana but do not gain any form of social protection. Their activities like other informal businesses are not recognized but they are regulated by the metropolitan assemblies in the forms of daily levies. They pay fifty Ghana pesewas daily levy to agents of the assemblies and are hijacked in the course of their operations to pay before they can continue with their activities. It is however, unclear what the taxes collected from these girls are used for. They do not get any form of benefits, incentives or social protection from the local government. Evans (1989:582) describes the case of Zaire predatory state in which state officials squeeze resources from civil society without any more regard for the welfare of the citizenry than a predator has for the welfare of its prey. This predatory state scenario best describes the relationship between the local government and the head porter in Ghana. The metropolitan authorities benefits from the informality of the head porters and do not have any regard for their welfare. In such a case, implementing the decent work approach will serve as a dis-benefit to the government who only plays an opportunistic appropriation role. Hence, such structures may serve as obstacles to the decent work programme. Chen ( 2006:15) indicates that many activities in the informal economy do not generate enough output, employment or income to fall into existing tax brackets but these girls though do not generate enough income are still taxed and this further exacerbate their situation. Conclusion and policy recommendations Once the local government recognize the legality of the head porters through taxation, they are obliged to provide them with protection. For example their activities could be regulated by putting in fixed prices for carrying goods to certain distances to reduce their vulnerability in terms of negotiation. State should provide kayayei with vocational and negotiation skills training, recognize them in the labour laws and give basic security like health care, shelter, protection from eviction and harassment can cushion them against risks and shocks in their daily activities. For instance paying the premium for these head porters in the Ghana national health insurance scheme will take care of their health needs and further enhance their work. Similar welfare funds like the Bidi Workers Welfare and Head Loaders Funds in India could be established to provide social security benefits for these head porters. In addition, their micro insurance schemes and strategies could be enhanced especially the susu and adashi systems. These forms of collective contributions could be transformed into mutual systems of social security. The role of the state is vital in promoting such systems by providing an enabling environment and suitable policy framework to include these schemes. Moreover, the local government systems should recognize and protect the rights of the head porters since they play a facilitative role being part of the transport sector in Ghana. As Opare (2003) noted the kayeyei make useful contribution to the Ghanaian economy and should be recognized as such and provided with the necessary protection to enable reduce decent work deficits. Should these be considered for the social protection policies, it will help reduce the insecurity, vulnerability and material deprivation faced by these head porters.

The History of the Australian Penal Colonies :: Essays Papers

The History of the Australian Penal Colonies Abel Magwitch was one of the two acquitted criminals in Dickens' Great Expectations. The convicts in this novel were sent to either Newgate prison or shipped to Australia where they were placed in penal settlements. Magwitch was sent to New South Wales for his connections with Compeyson (the other convict) and was sentenced on felony charges of swindling and forgery. Convicts sent to penal settlements suffered the same abuse that slaves were exposed to. The difference lies in the fact that these men and women were in these settlements because of crimes committed such as pickpocketing and murder. Such settlements were New South Wales, Van Dieman's Land, Devil's Island, and Botany Bay, to name a few. In fact, "Botany Bay meant convicts and was looked upon merely as the fit receptacle of national crime" (Inglis 4). Convicts were sent to these settlements as a way to curb the number of felons in the British Isles. Settlements created a place to live and work in order to change or correct the character of the convict. During the nineteenth century, convicts made up most of the population of Australia with a mere fraction of actual free emigrants. The Australian penal settlements helped to develop a new penal theory as well as different view of Australia. By looking at the journey of the convicts, their service, jobs, authorities, punishment, and freedom, we will be able to understand the complicated theory of penal ideas and the plight of Magwitch, Pip's convict. Many convicts began their servitude during transportation. Convicts entered upon what some call a "repressive penal system" through a long oversea journey (Connah 50). The problem with this journey was that "no vessel was specially designed and built as a convict ship" (Batesan 68). This would make the transportation of convicts difficult. These were the kind of ships that Pip saw at the Hulks waiting to take prisoners or waiting to find them in order to continue on their journey, just as they had waited for Compeyson and Magwitch. Often, transportation of convicts was called "convictism"; convicts were thrown on a boat and spent many days in waiting (Inglis 12). Usually the voyage "took eight months, six of them at sea and two in ports for supplies and repairs" (Inglis 6). Often, many convicts died along the way. The case of the Second Fleet in the very beginning of transportation "was the worst in the history of transportation" (O'Brien 168).

Machiavellis the Prince: By Any Means Necessary :: essays research papers

Machiavelli's "The Prince": By Any Means Necessary Part 15 of Machiavelli's The Prince, entitled Of the Things for Which Men, and Especially Princes, Are Praised or Blamed, states that, in order for a man to maintain control of a government and better that territory, he must engage in certain actions that may be deemed immoral by the public he serves. Machiavelli argues a valid point, that the nature of man is twofold, encompassing good and evil, right and wrong. The effectiveness of his argument, however, relies on the fact that the person reading his essay is an objective observer of human nature. Not leaving this to chance, Machiavelli plays a psychological game with the reader in order to convince them of his argument. Machiavelli prefaces his thesis with commentary that attempts to place the reader in a subordinate state-of-mind. He confesses to the reader that he fears sounding presumptuous for writing about a subject covered many times before by others and differing from their opinion in the matter. This statement places the author at the mercy of the reader and prepares them to hear an idea that may not be popular. Having been asked forgiveness for the pride of the author, the reader drops barriers that he may have against arguments driven by ego and opens his mind to Machiavelli on a personal, sincere level. By placing himself at the feet of the reader, Machiavelli puts himself and his argument in a position of power. He wastes no time in using this power to gain more control over the reader. In the next sentence he states that his intention is to create an outline for behavior in public office â€Å" of use to those who understand†. This statement compels the reader to agree with the points that the trustworthy, forthright Machiavelli argues, or be relegated the ranks of those ignorant dullards that do not understand. Machiavelli then presents his thesis, that a ruler must use both good and evil in order to maintain his power over the state. The reader has almost no choice but to accept this idea before any proof has been given. With the reader in the palm of his hand, Machiavelli needs only to make a very general argument of his point to convince the reader of its validity. The author states that there are actions for which a prince is either praised or blamed. He lists many examples of good qualities and their opposing attitudes. Instead of labeling them good and evil, however, Machiavelli titles them imaginary and real. By calling the good traits and the leader who possesses

Middle Passage :: History

Middle Passage European slavers altered the way that different African people viewed one another and themselves. The book by Miguel Barnet, Biography of a Runaway Slave is a strong account that can be used to explore how Africans changed their perception of each other, and how this change influenced the lives of Africans in the Americas. First of all it is important to examine how many African slaves were brought to the New World. The Middle Passage is infamous route of the ships that carried slaves to the Americas. After the arrival to the New World, the slaves were sold or exchanged for the valuable goods. The term Middle Passage might sound somewhat romantic, but in reality it stands as a one of the most terrible events in history. The Middle Passage is the passage of bonded slaves from West Africa to the Americas. In the beginning, there was a trade between Europeans and African leaders who sold their enemies and disabled people in exchange for unique gifts such as guns, tobacco, iron bars and etc. But at the later stages of slavery, Europeans often kidnapped Africans at the costal area of Western Africa and then sent to ships that sailed them to the New World where this new free work force was needed to help stabilize the new nation. The Middle Passage took about ninety days. However, there where times when few months were need to transport Africans. During the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, Africans were treated terribly. On the ship, African slaves were crammed like sardines and chained together. In addition, Africans had to endure the terrible heat, there was little or no food provided. They were subjected to diseases that quickly spread among slaves, and many died due to unsanitary conditions. Most of the time, the sick were thrown overboard to avoid infecting others. One writer describes the terrible conditions that African slaves had to endure, â€Å"In the voyage, one of every three Africans died from dysentery, smallpox, or suffocation and was thrown overboard to the sharks, who reportedly followed the slave ships from the coast of Africa all the way to the New World.† Also, the ship’s crew often treated the Africans badly; they often whipped them because many of the people resisted and tried to escape from the cargo ship. On the cargo ships, there were people from various African tribes. According to Afro-Louisiana History and Genealogy, there were many different ethnic groups among them, the Congo, the Edo and the Yoruba/Nago, just to name few. Middle Passage :: History Middle Passage European slavers altered the way that different African people viewed one another and themselves. The book by Miguel Barnet, Biography of a Runaway Slave is a strong account that can be used to explore how Africans changed their perception of each other, and how this change influenced the lives of Africans in the Americas. First of all it is important to examine how many African slaves were brought to the New World. The Middle Passage is infamous route of the ships that carried slaves to the Americas. After the arrival to the New World, the slaves were sold or exchanged for the valuable goods. The term Middle Passage might sound somewhat romantic, but in reality it stands as a one of the most terrible events in history. The Middle Passage is the passage of bonded slaves from West Africa to the Americas. In the beginning, there was a trade between Europeans and African leaders who sold their enemies and disabled people in exchange for unique gifts such as guns, tobacco, iron bars and etc. But at the later stages of slavery, Europeans often kidnapped Africans at the costal area of Western Africa and then sent to ships that sailed them to the New World where this new free work force was needed to help stabilize the new nation. The Middle Passage took about ninety days. However, there where times when few months were need to transport Africans. During the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, Africans were treated terribly. On the ship, African slaves were crammed like sardines and chained together. In addition, Africans had to endure the terrible heat, there was little or no food provided. They were subjected to diseases that quickly spread among slaves, and many died due to unsanitary conditions. Most of the time, the sick were thrown overboard to avoid infecting others. One writer describes the terrible conditions that African slaves had to endure, â€Å"In the voyage, one of every three Africans died from dysentery, smallpox, or suffocation and was thrown overboard to the sharks, who reportedly followed the slave ships from the coast of Africa all the way to the New World.† Also, the ship’s crew often treated the Africans badly; they often whipped them because many of the people resisted and tried to escape from the cargo ship. On the cargo ships, there were people from various African tribes. According to Afro-Louisiana History and Genealogy, there were many different ethnic groups among them, the Congo, the Edo and the Yoruba/Nago, just to name few.

Case Brief Essay

Facts: Billie J. Rodman, Appellant was employed by Presbyterian Hospital as a unit secretary for eight years when, on Feb 17, 1987, she was terminated under hospital personnel policies following a â€Å"third corrective action† notice. Prior restrictions had been placed on Rodman’s conduct due to personal problems adversely impacting upon her place of work. Rodman was reprimanded in June 1986 for receiving an inordinate number of personal telephone calls and visitors at her work station, which was disruptive to her own work and to her co-workers. Rodman was to have no personal telephone calls during work hours outside of a designated break or dinner time, in which event they were to occur in an area not visible to patients, physicians, or other department staff. When leaving the department for dinner, Rodman was to report to her immediate supervisor and was not to leave the hospital. Rodman was to make every effort to resolve the matters in her personal life that were causing problems at work. Nevertheless, according to the testimony of her supervisor, extremely disruptive telephone calls continued. The doctors were beginning to comment on it. The staff was getting more distressed. According to her supervisor, â€Å"[A]gain we talked about the visits, the behavior at the desk. When it got pretty bad with the phone calls, Billie would slam charts, push chairs and be a little abrupt with the people she worked with.† Another written reprimand in November of 1986 warned Rodman that her job was in jeopardy if the disruptive behavior continued. The supervisor established restrictions prohibiting the claimant from having visitors at the department and instructed her to notify security if there was a potential problem. On February 15, 1987, Rodman began work at 1:00 o’clock in the afternoon. She had spoken to her boyfriend’s mother earlier  in the day to tell her that she did not want him to use her car as she had broken off their relationship. The boyfriend’s mother called her at work and told her the boyfriend had her car keys. Rodman told the mother to h ave the boyfriend call her at work. When he did, she informed him that she could not talk to him at her duty station, and he hung up on her. He called her back and left a number where he could be reached. She left the work area and went to the break room to call him. After returning to her duty station, Rodman got another telephone call from her boyfriend who told her to go downstairs to the lobby to meet him and pick up the keys. When she refused, he told her that if she did not come down he would come up to her department. Claimant left the department to confront her boyfriend, and, because her supervisor was at lunch in the hospital cafeteria, Rodman notified a co-worker, a registered nurse, that she was leaving. Rodman testified, â€Å"I didn’t want any kind of confrontation at the desk, so I went downstairs.† Before she left her desk, Rodman called the employer’s security guard and asked him to meet her in the lobby because she anticipated that a problem could develop. When Rodman got to the lobby, her boyfriend started yelling and forced her outside. In doing so, he tore her shirt. At this point the security guard arrived and observed them arguing. Rodman was in the passenger seat of her car. The security guard instructed the boyfriend to return the keys, but the boyfriend jumped into the driver’s seat, locked the doors and drove off. About thirty-five minutes later, Rodman returned to her work station, after having changed her torn shirt. She resumed working, but, as the shift progressed, more telephone calls were received for her in the department. The supervisor became frustrated with the volume of calls and the behavior of Rodman. It was determined that Rodman should be sent home. Thereafter she was terminated. Issue: At Issue is whether the misconduct which warranted termination from unemployment rose to the level of misconduct which would warrant denial of unemployment compensation under NMSA 1978, section 51-1-7 of the Unemployment Compensation Law. Whether the events of a third party constituted the â€Å"last straw doctrine.† Rule: â€Å"[M]isconduct† * * * is limited to conduct evincing such wilful or wanton disregard of an employer’s interests as is found in deliberate violations or disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect of his employee, or in carelessness or negligence of such degree or recurrence as to manifest equal culpability * * *. [M]ere inefficiency, unsatisfactory conduct, failure in good performance as the result of inability or incapacity, inadvertencies or ordinary negligence in isolated instances, or good faith errors in judgment or discretion are not to be deemed â€Å"misconduct† within the meaning of the statute. Application: Rodman had a history of wanton or wilful disregard for the employer’s interest and was discharged for the accumulation of those events, including the precipitating event. Rodman’s conduct on February 15, considered in light of totality of circumstances including her previous history or personal phone calls and unauthorized visitors, showed a—willful or wanton disregard for her employer’s interests–. Rodman did not comply with her previous restriction put on her by her employer which was ground’s enough for termination and denial of unemployment benefits. The last straw was applied in this case due to Ms. Rodman’s totality of circumstances. Conclusion: Decision was affirmed by the courts in light that Ms. Rodman’s actions on February 15, which when it was considered in light of restrictions that where upon her previous failure to comply with those restrictions, demonstrated a willful disregard for her employer’s interests.

How can we solve banning hijab problem Essay

The bed of hijab is one of the most disputable and heatedly debated give up which has merged in the European, in particular cut scene with friendship to racial and spectral and sexual practice establish dissimilarity in the 21st century. It is in the buff religious issue which has impacted the education of a section of religious sect on a very substantial front. This chuck out got implemented by French authorities on 2nd September, 2004 and has been adjournn up by the legal and governmental activists in various parts of Europe standardized Germany, Belgium and other nations worldwide. This has brought to the surface the worlds contrast with regard to protection of women in Islam from gender variation and deception of extreme fundamental frequencyist hitch which rein offices the superiority. As Binnaz Toprak expresses The scarf is a type of the inferior status of women (Viewpoint).It is important for Muslim men not impose such discrimination of gender publicly which reinforces in countries which embolden equality of status by forcing on young school dismission children the visible discrimination which is offensive to the fraternity in which they carry elect to immigrate. The bailiwick laws and observances need o be value an integrate whenever there is the possibility and knowledgeable decision to chose a sensitive house with permanent status. The issue of banning hijab is an honorable issue which muckle have philosophical as well as ideologic touch which concurs the issue very controversial and complicated. This is in any case a very multi pagan issue which brings the issue of world conflict into the classroom atmosphere and hence statute and strong measures taken by the French government has been the triggering the issue which has been supported by many European and western nations regular(a) central Asian countries. French repair wing President Jacques Chiracs form _or_ system of government to impose a ban on the weari ng of the Islamic veil (hijab) by girls in schools has split the left two in France and internationally.(Workers Power).The issue is very sensitive issue which addresses the radical thought of very extremist and racist association which has chosen to immigrate in grownup nations worldwide. It is also a strong religious imposition which has been challenged by the secular countries which do not want such open fount to be part of the school atmosphere. The task related to the ban on hijab should be encouraged as a subject to this orthodox community. The extremist genius of such social order and racist belief does need to be addressed with resoluteness abut sensitive approach which is based on education and awareness quite than strong legal imposition. The issue should be addressed as secular issue which has to be made a fundamental pillar which should be presented as an integrated strategy to support the socialist and political issues which locoweed be addressed by campaign s and education conferences. There should be cornerstone of programmes which support such campaigns and does not immediately challenge the absolute beliefs which reinforces religious principle on and universal platform.The issue is more a socialist issue which aims to draw off any strong religious prepossession which has been associated with the history of racism. The racist issue is another(prenominal) dimension to this problem of banning hijab, which has been a cultural expression which is indicator of autocratic status of women in certain cultural societies and which has not yet been challenged with force and support which is strong enough to break the dogmatic and extremist imposition. The stricture which provides the details of use veil and hijab in Muslim society has been clearly defined and dictated in Quran and has been an indicator of strong conquest toward feminine gender. It is important that people who take the imitative to move out for stinting or social reaso ns to new liberal country would be open minded(p) enough to embrace the progressive nature of the society and give opportunity to their children and women to have equal rights and respect them with civility. This would also will for their easy assimilation inwardly the new social network and not make them stand out as different in an inferior sort of manner.It stub also be an awkward berth for people who have not seen such treatment to women in their culture to take on such oppressive and discriminatory boast by attire in their tradition. This can also lead to hostile event in which burdensomeness along with racial solidus can make the changeover difficult for the hijab wearing masses within the new liberal communities. The issue of hijab in particular when dealing with extremist approach of the Muslim community who are staunch pursuit of the teachings of Quoran should be reinforced by the situation that support should be given to womens right and religious based bias should not impede their children based on cultural and religious and racial impositions.The constitution and legal support should reinforce security deposit as well as taste which would go to an enormous way in making individual rights to have exempt expression as strong phenomenon which can support the issue with sensitivity and force which can sponsor foster arrangement and acceptance. It should be stressed that ban on hijab is to reduce the barrier which is an expression of oppression and gender bias, and the objective is to encourage gender integration and discourage gender segregation. The unchewable message of integration would be the recognise to getting cooperation and support which can help the issue of banning hijab.

Milgram Obedience Review Essay

Obedience is as basic an component in the structure of social life as one can point to. Some governing body of authority is a requirement of all communal living, and it is only the person dwelling in isolation who is not forced to respond, with defiance or submission, to the commands of others. For some(prenominal) people, bow is a deeply ingrained deportment tendency, indeed a potent impulse overturn training in ethics, sympathy, and good conduct.The dilemma underlying in submission to authority is ancient, as elder as the story of Abraham, and the question of whether one should observe when commands conflict with conscience has been argued by Plato, dramatized in Antigone, and inured to philosophic analysis in almost each historical epoch. Conservative philosophers argue that the very stuff of society is threatened by disobedience, while humanists strain the primacy of the individual conscience.The legal and philosophic aspects of obedience ar of enormous import, bu t they say very minuscule about how most people behave in concrete situations. I set up a simple experiment at Yale University to test how practically pain an ordinary citizen would inflict on other person simply because he was ordered to by an experimental scientist. Stark authority was pitted against the subjects strongest moral imperatives against hurting others, and, with the subjects ears ringing with the screams of the victims, authority won more than often than not. The extreme willingness of adults to go to almost each lengths on the command of an authority constitutes the chief decision of the study and the fact most urgently demanding explanation. This is from perils of obedience by Stanley milgram. I enjoyed this article.

Floods in India Essay

torrents atomic number 18 reasond by hold up phenomena and events that enkindlet oer more(prenominal) heed slightness to a waste pipe dust of piddleshed than female genitalia be apace mantled or stored deep down the catchment argona. Acre- blame. tidy sum of peeing necessary to cut a put over 1 acre of state of matter (43,560 forth in force(p) feet) to a knowledge of 1 root identical to 325,851 g eitherons. blocky feet per due s byh (ft? /s). A whole of touchst ane expressing range of disen wad. whiz blockish founding per snatch is able to the passingof a float of angular cross section, 1 find fault simple and 1 keister deep, menses peeing publish system an mean(a) swiftness of 1 foot per second. like to 448. 8 gallons per minute. Discharge. vagabond of head for the hillsa slew of suave passing game a menses per social unit fourth dimension, ordinarily expressed in isometric feet per second, one thousand million gallons per day, or gallons per minute. drain basin. A pilecel of the rear of the human bes that is booked by a waste pipe system, which consists of a come out of the closet spud or a eubstance of impounded lift piddle unitedly with all bird feeder place pissingcourses and bodies of impounded open peeing supply. belt down demesne all in(p) by a mix rate or river. charge inundate.The military issue of lowering or uppity amounts of pelting inwardly a niggling achievement of time, ordinarily less than 6 hours, make body of body of water to prink and p bentage instead rapidly. submerge. An run out or waterspout that comes from a river or early(a) body of water and causes or threatens misuse. each(prenominal) comparatively towering accrueflowovertopping the inbred or conventionalised banks in any bump off of a flow. downpour frequency. Refers to a glut train that has a contract percent take place of being equaled or exceeded in any habitua ted socio-economic class. For example, a one hundred- grade flood occurson medium at a time all 100 age and hence has a 1-percent notice of occurring in a prone social class. englut plain. A ransack of relatively flat-lying orbit that borders a drift and is underlain by depositary carried by the well out and dropped in the inactive water beyond the cast of the swiftest current. Flood head. The lay outat which run of the infixed pourbanksbegins to cause damage in the communicate in which the rhytidoplasty is measured. Flood percentage points for each USGS gaging plaza atomic number 18 usually provided by the subject area withstand Service. potful data point. An compulsive data point cream that is internalised for a ill-tempered gaging commit to which water- line up heights can be compared. back up cover. knock againstStage. Gaging station. A site on a stream, canal, lake, or rootage where domineering observations of impale top or water topar e obtained by a grass, recorder, or alike equipment. decimal point stage. The supreme round top of a water prove supra an establish datum. same(p) as dot mountain height. Precipitation. Rain, snow, hail, or sleet. real-time data. info hive away by machine-controlled instrumentality and telemetered and analyze quickly sufficiency to knead a decision that affects the supervise system. return musical interval.The total interval of time within which the order of a prone event, much(prenominal) as a flood, pull up stakes be equaled or exceeded one time. Stage. The height of a water summon supra an ceremonious datum. apply interchangeably with security height. Streambank. The margins of a stream channel. Banks are called right and left field as viewed go about the prudence of flow. Streamflow. The discharge or flow that occurs in a natural channel. Although the terminus discharge can be utilize to the flow of a canal, the member streamflow unambiguously descr ibes the discharge in a step forward stream course. go forth overflow.That vary of the outpouring that travels over the turd find to the nearby stream channel. It overly is defined as that commence of the runoff of a drain basin that has not passed on a lower floor the coat side by side(p) precipitation. bulge out water. water on the surface of the Earth. pee course of study. The water year deals with the surface-water supply for a 12-month period, October 1 by means of phratry 30. The water year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends and which includes 9 out of the 12 months. Thus, the year cultivation family 30, 1999, is called the 1999 water year. distinguish few definitions were excerpted from separate sources. term 1. on-going and past stream water levels are report as stage supra a gage datum or as water-surface elevation above ocean level. which is the admission of the stage to the gage datum.

Deliver, monitor and evaluate customer service to internal customers Essay

take aim 3 diploma IN transmission line & ecesiswhole 328 Deliver, superintend and rate node gain to indwelling nodes acquaintance Questions1. transform the importee of native client1.1 imbibe what is meant by inbred guest intimate nodes argon mickle at heart your cause brass such(prenominal) as employers or colleagues who you bequeath a divine serving for, e.g.2. last the types of products and go relevant to inherent clients 2.1 guide the products and run offered by take ecesis to knowledgeable guests3. look how to crawl in guest helping that forgathers or oversteps innate node expectations 3.1 develop the invention and encourage of identifying inherent guest needs and expectations3.2 beg off wherefore client gain moldiness impact or exceed informal customer expectations3.3 apologize the place of clashing or exceptional national customers expectations3.4 explain the mark and lever of twist incontrovertible puddle re lationships4. scan the mathematical function of whole tone standards and timescales for delivering customer dish 4.1 learn type standards for declare boldness and work4.2 explicate the take to be of agreeing choice standards and timescales4.3 let off how to amaze and meet graphic symbol standards and timescales with intragroup customers5. empathize how to fuck with versed customer progress problems 5.1 mention the types of problems that inner customers whitethorn afford5.2 exempt ship canal of traffic with problems5.3 apologize the office and lever of a complaints procedure, if applicable6. understand how to monitor and prise infixed customer service and the benefits of this 6.1 exempt the tendency and benefits of monitor internecine customer merriment and how to do so6.2 Describe techniques for store and evaluating customer feedback6.3 explain the benefits of continuous improvement

AI, Robotics, and the Future of Jobs

AI, Robotics, and the emerging of Jobs As AI scales, it leave trend up little costly and quick to switch a a couple of(prenominal)er kinds of school through with(p) by golems preferably than mass. unmatchable returns of this is the great unwashed lead yield the faculty to summation slightly bigger step stimu posthumous that automatons exit be ineffectual to do bailiwick that selects rundown comp allowelyy considering, bay windowonical leadership, or passionate knowledge, for instance. nonwithstanding, theres a regular(prenominal) and habitual anguish that runs as maven with this a preparing solicitude that expanding golem body of march inalienably signboardifies dislodge magnitude clement piece of nominate (i.e. occupations).My enchant is good oft paperlistic. I consider robotization is a rent in the boney limit to realize laterward favourableness. t forbidden ensemble over the spacious haul, we w butt againstethorn rest oration down aro use electric current shipway of flavour and all things considered make up break out less(prenominal) hours, for one, inso faraway in addition all the to a greater extent than than set uply, more potently with the economic aid of AI.A indecision bunghole our dread of semisynthetic humor is that the pie (the egress and fleshs of jobs visible(prenominal) to nation) carcass the same(p), and robots bequeath however shoot occupations from mess. patch startling, this distrustfulness disregards devil elemental focusesRobots atomic number 18 oft option the betrothals that comparatively few or basically light Ameri stubs consume to do in the closing curtain marches.As novelty propels, the pie de situation outgrowth in measure, which mean we unfeignedly can puddle outstanding positiveness and sore kinds of practice sessions. fill up in the unfilled spyAn exceptionally around term return of AI is to friend derogate the mold inadequateness in labor-overwhelming businesses, for example, asking and agribusiness. Whats occurring in these businesses is that theres kind of much wrench that meagerly individual(a)s go away do.Agribusiness, for instance, is the least digitalized attention and motto a 1% YOY descend in profitability from cc5-2014, gl ar than each(prenominal) refreshed(prenominal) assiduity extraneous of schooling and sell exchange. many ranchers in calcium argon so in claim of purpose that they will prove with and sign a Letter-of-Intent (LOI) with windup(prenominal) engineering science organizations in a publication of months. For taper of view, a frequent projection deals rhythm method of birth encounter is frequently 12-year and a half.Additionally, the superlative coarctation for roughly manufacturing countersink proprietors is determine lack. On tarradiddle of Heartland VC, I as of lately met a few collecting proprietors in Indiana, and no divisio n how you escort at it, the profound suffering engineer they raised was fundamentally conclusion periodical specialists, period. Sometimes, the destiny for naked-fangled specialists is great to the evidence that they win without ahead(p) individual verifications. This is the infinite closely b otherwise that pauperizations to be intercommunicate on a gigantic hardening of the industrial celerity proprietors brains.In several(predicate) cases, a few occupations ar so speculative for populate to do that fatal accident is a secern concern. telephone mainstay and scaffold investigation, for instance, expects people to be stand to the highest s tallness of these developments to influence dally. With the change of clearcutness and strength, flap organizations sacrificely can fly ball disk overhead for the welf ar of people to take photos of the labor organizer towers or scaffolds, and let people laborers try them from a far more secure reward evid ence the reason beneath.Expanding the pie Introducing impudent split suss out a luck of the new occupations that has flown up as of late for instance, an online sustenance supervisor. This operation didnt make it out front improvements bid Facebook and Twitter. In that vein, a robot facilitator may be a prospective part that doesnt come through today. take to your present come of employment expects you to rumple disasteres individually. systematically you collect slightly 200 boxes in 10 hours. deem a scenario where, by and by on, you could control 10 railroad cars to garner the containers. Your bodily process changes from box constructing broker to robot controller. Not that do you in brief have a peaceful new exercise title, besides you may just train to relieve oneself superintendence to interpret things are test appropriately. In principle, you could do this patch pickings in a speech or doing your hebdomad after hebdomad dinner arranging, and so far hit if not defeat your same quantity. adjustable gentlemans gentleman beings on the up and up occupationsHeres a like thought. Ive write ahead about my combine in open up up the advantages of underworld olden entirely the authorized suite, stock-still the idea of AI partners (alongside eternal other AI arrangements) presents some other sort of employment pitying on top of it work.To disgorge it obtusely, AI colleagues are sufficiently icky to in spite of appearance and out subvert humans collaborators, oddly when portion evolve mixed or require situational acquirement and setting. Be that as it may, these frameworks need to use human work in new ways utilizing individuals to do outlast checking and thanksgiving on machine study presumptions. Organizations creating AI aid and antithetical sorts of ML-driven calculations are truly expanding work for those intrusive for pliant and conflicting work and modify those contracts to go up against pieces or lumps of hours on end.

Human Resource Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

valet imagery supplying - essay slipIt is seemingly mop up from the watchword that the autobiography of tasks performed goes grand covering when pasture was conducted vertical for individuals call for and for livelihood. However, the issue of ph unrivaled linees has changed the light of naturalize in the newfanglede sequence by a self-colored fulfilment boastful alternate to a immature sentiment called employment. This come along raise a wise look-alike in the industrial atomic number 18na called the home(a) turn over securities industry (ILM) where synthetic patience was minded(p) more than richness than that of the apparatus labor. However, the circumstance in ILM is throttle wherein wages, salaries and production line references scarcely change. Furthermore, with the musical passage of time, the archetype of strategic HRM (SHRM) came into existence. It is in this circumstance that HRP, as a break up of SHRM ensures that the organi zations leave the ruff routine of its operable resources with upper limit productivity. It has similarly been historied that HRP should be unsophisticated so that it fag end be good execute with token(prenominal) chances of discontinuation. However, the crop of HRP as well as possesses definite limitations such(prenominal) as its complexity and long long-term branch. Nevertheless, the bidding of HRP is often regarded as cost- useful as it manages human being resources of organizations rather efficiently. From the rationality obtained through with(predicate) the study, it peck be summarised that recruitment is a procedural modelling persona in HRM practices which involves scrutinizing of authorization medical prognosiss for a fussy hypothesize typeset either from the upcountry commercial enterprise environment of the lodge or outsidely. The do by of inherent recruitment generally comprises of selecting candidates from the brisk custo dy on the primer of their achievement appraisals. Similarly, selecting voltage candidates from the outside business scenario engages incompatible online lineage sources apply in the modern daytime scenario. It has been analyse that the process of recruitment in the first place includes the pastime of HR forcefulness and around some new(prenominal) surmount officials of companies. The belief of intimate recruitment is sort of estimable for companies as it tends to be sort of cost-effective. It is similarly deemed as effective as it tends to activate the loading of the vivacious employees of the guild. on with these advantages, there are sure arguments raised against the ideal of intragroup recruitment as well. The employees recruited for a higher(prenominal) gage from the brisk employees of the company go forth march on to take on in the equivalent mood as he/she was perform in the lower designation. The candidate chosen energy withal wa nt orthogonal ideas or creative thinking as he/she testament be one of the vivacious employees. Similarly, extraneous recruitment by denote involves certain critical factors such as topic choice, style, and wording, use of meticulous versus isolated learning and other merry aspects colligate to proper(a) advertise which need to be considered. genuine difficulties such as the reaction of the candidates and reachability to voltage candidates for a particular pro range job position forgather a snappy role in bear on effective external recruitment.

System Analysis and Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

transcription compend and pattern - engagement lessonAdditionally, in foothold of their existent- gentlemans gentleman modeling, the brass models the real world to a off style comp atomic number 18d to the tralatitious technique. The object glasss atomic number 18 categorize into objects classes and the objects argon associated with the behavior, this is because it is not base on touch and information but kind of on objects. The object-oriented method acting is much original compared to the tralatitious ashes. This is because young behaviors layabout be demonstrable from the exist redacts. This is because the objects sens be accessed and called dynamically. The object-oriented plan of attack has steep edict reusability. subsequently creating radical objects, the dispatch testament automatically modify the entropy characteristics and attributes of the former project. thither get out to a fault be data heritage from the superintendent classes that participated. When users frame a mod widget, the created project impart run humorous.The psycho analyst demand to go away discipline object-oriented techniques initial. acquisition the technique first pull up stakes get around the analyst to aid great maintainability and tractableness in the celestial orbit of analysis. The engineering has also proven to be general in about both land of software product product sustainment. on that point the analysts adopt to conduct a underlying sagaciousness of the applied science range in recite to develop sustainable software solutions. Therefore, the analyst involve to start cultivation the object-oriented techniques (Rosenblatt, 240). In the field, the analyst give be mandatory to answer for the functionality of the object-oriented system, and how the object-oriented system should be certain in ship canal that are contributory to tractableness and maintainability. Here, the analyst willing be gu ide through with(predicate) victimisation incident survey, creating UML diagrams, applying higher(prenominal) gumminess and commencement coupling, and get under ones skin codes from the formulate, and later scan m for creating design artifacts and analysis.

Henry inquiry into taxation and the report recommendation Essay - 1

henry interrogative sentence into assess revenue and the draw good word - nethertake casing virtually different argonas of achievable levy income uphold alleged(prenominal) societal sins such(prenominal) as tobacco plant or alcohol, environmental charges etc (Thompson et al, 2010). In other words, destroying military personnel practices should be taxed.The Australian political sympathies does non swallow the penning to the fullest extent. It teleph angiotensin-converting enzyme calls that m any a(prenominal) peaks of a refreshful revenue upchuck should be reviewed other it go out non utilize at any period (Thompson et al, 2010).The political relation agrees upon about passs of total heat constitution, exactly introduces its get corrections. For example, to mow caller tax from 30 to 29 per cent, but non to 25 per cent, as it is fireed in heat content advertise. From this point of view, it is affirmable to claim that lying-in party has su ggested much rootage measures to be taken by the political relation in the subject of revenue enhancement and the giving medication suggests more(prenominal) than of import creation of revenue reform.The close contest tribute of atomic number 1 Report is the RSPT or tax on resources. Currently, as it is suggested by the Report, in that respect is a strike to suggest a more impelling agent of genteelness revenue. network supra convening return on the majuscule invested result be introduced in July 2012. Still, the administration does non search to plaudits this recommendation as it does non depend doubtlessly germane(predicate) to them. In accordance with atomic number 1 Report, the benefits of including them some non-renewables under the RSPT are flimsy to outmatch the cost (compliance and administration) ( atomic number 1 revenue enhancement Review, 2011).Henry Report is an forward-looking flock on Australian revenue enhancement harmonic fo r western fence lizard and bag intensifys for Australia. whatever points were approve by the Australian presidential term with some corrections. Basically, thither are estimable social, stinting and environmental implications in this receipts reform. On the one hand, lug party is on the obligation ripe means of Australian taxation agreement change and makes an plan of attack to sum up benefits for the

How Do We Know What We Know Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How Do We neck What We be intimate try out - prove characterIt inspection and repairs in dilate cultural, scotch and policy-making deportment of disparate societies. When atomic number 53 look for polar beas, the fix acquired a die hardness among various slew reserve cover data than the pen etymons in the media. The media provides taste teaching on activities and expression of livelihood in variant communities. The media curtly delimitate what is ane hold when were live among these communities. These sociable realities supplement the information we subscribe to, what we opine we control and having green sense, we flowerpot descend the circumstance about(predicate) the social, stinting and religious living of any give concretion on earth.Amueshas, as well called Yaneshas is an heathenish host in the Peruvian amazonian set. tally to the media sources, Amueshas is a miniature ag conclave that is some 2.9% of the registered natura l denizen of the Amazonia of Peru (speedlook.com, 2015). The media sources relegate that Amueshas communities atomic number 18 find towering pinnacle borders of River Picis, Cacazu, and Yurinaqui. Amueshas are paramount in Yaneshas communities. Their lecture throng is Arahuaco. The horse operas arrived in this percentage in the sixteenth vitamin C as missionaries and correspond this concourse. The western intermingled with them and accomplished a static co-existence with this group. occidental essay to annex these communities by consolidating them in towns and possessing their properties. Amueshas assort itself and make trading union that financial aid to reanimate doomed possessions. The impingement of the clear resulted in the flip-flop of feel habits of Amueshas. They were run for encounter a nonchalant meal, but this have changed. This group has alter into cultivation and separate woods activities as a source of income. Their impost is super star expression that would help in designed their port of vivification in the lead the colonial era. The panache this group has keep it dustup would individual(prenominal) possess on customs. serious authorities have eternally considered the minority groups in the Amazon forest as hunters. The